Emkhakheni wobuchwepheshe bokushisa nokupholisa, amaphampu okushisa avele njengesixazululo esisebenza kahle kakhulu nesinobungani bemvelo. Zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni zokuhlala, ezentengiselwano, nezimboni ukuze zinikeze kokubili imisebenzi yokufudumeza nokupholisa. Ukuze uqonde ngempela ukubaluleka nokusebenza kwamaphampu okushisa, kubalulekile ukuhlola izimiso zawo zokusebenza kanye nomqondo we-Coefficient of Performance (COP).
Izimiso Zokusebenza Zamaphampu Okushisa
Umqondo Oyisisekelo
Iphampu yokushisa iyisisetshenziswa esidlulisa ukushisa kusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye. Ngokungafani nezinhlelo zokushisisa zendabuko ezikhiqiza ukushisa ngokuvutha noma ukumelana nogesi, amaphampu okushisa ahambisa ukushisa okukhona kusuka endaweni epholile kuya kwefudumele. Le nqubo ifana nendlela isiqandisi esisebenza ngayo, kodwa ngokuphambene. Isiqandisi sikhipha ukushisa ngaphakathi futhi sikukhiphele endaweni ezungezile, kuyilapho iphampu yokushisa ikhipha ukushisa endaweni engaphandle futhi ikukhiphele endlini.
Umjikelezo Wesiqandisi
Ukusebenza kwephampu yokushisa kusekelwe emjikelezweni wesiqandisi, ohlanganisa izingxenye ezine eziyinhloko: i-evaporator, i-compressor, i-condenser, ne-valve yokwandisa. Nansi incazelo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yokuthi lezi zingxenye zisebenza kanjani ndawonye:
- I-Evaporator: Inqubo iqala nge-evaporator, etholakala endaweni epholile (isb, ngaphandle kwendlu). Isiqandisi, into enephuzu eliphansi lokubila, sidonsa ukushisa okuvela emoyeni noma emhlabathini. Njengoba sibamba ukushisa, isiqandisi siyashintsha sisuka oketshezini sibe igesi. Lolu shintsho lwesigaba lubalulekile ngoba luvumela isiqandisi ukuthi sithwale ukushisa okukhulu.
- I-Compressor: Isiqandisi segesi sibe sesihamba siye ku-compressor. I-compressor inyusa ingcindezi kanye nezinga lokushisa kwesiqandisi ngokuyicindezela. Lesi sinyathelo sibalulekile ngoba sikhuphula izinga lokushisa lesiqandisi libe sezingeni eliphezulu kunezinga lokushisa langaphakathi elifunekayo. Isiqandisi esinomfutho ophezulu, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu manje sesilungele ukukhulula ukushisa kwaso.
- I-Condenser: Isinyathelo esilandelayo sibandakanya i-condenser, etholakala endaweni efudumele (isb, ngaphakathi kwendlu). Lapha, isiqandisi esishisayo, esinengcindezi ephezulu sikhulula ukushisa kwaso emoyeni noma emanzini azungezile. Njengoba isiqandisi sikhipha ukushisa, siyaphola bese sishintsha sisuka ekubeni igesi sibe uketshezi. Lolu shintsho lwesigaba lukhipha ukushisa okukhulu, okusetshenziselwa ukufudumala indawo yasendlini.
- I-Valve Yokunwetshwa: Ekugcineni, i-refrigerant ye-liquid idlula i-valve yokwandisa, enciphisa ukucindezela kwayo nokushisa. Lesi sinyathelo silungiselela isiqandisi ukuthi sibambe ukushisa futhi ku-evaporator, futhi umjikelezo uyaphinda.
I-Coefficient of Performance (COP)
Incazelo
I-Coefficient of Performance (COP) isilinganiso sokusebenza kahle kwephampu yokushisa. Kuchazwa njengesilinganiso senani lokushisa elilethiwe (noma elisusiwe) nenani lamandla kagesi asetshenzisiwe. Ngamagama alula, isitshela ukuthi kungakanani ukushisa okungakhiqizwa yiphampu yokushisa kuwo wonke amayunithi kagesi ewusebenzisayo.
Ngokwezibalo, i-COP ivezwa kanje:
COP=Amandla Kagesi Asetshenzisiwe (W) Ukushisa Kuthunyelwe (Q).
Uma iphampu yokushisa ine-COP (Coefficient of Performance) engu-5.0, inganciphisa kakhulu izikweletu zikagesi uma kuqhathaniswa nokushisisa kukagesi okuvamile. Nakhu ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe nokubala:
I-Energy Efficiency Comparison
Ukushisisa okujwayelekile kukagesi kune-COP engu-1.0, okusho ukuthi kukhiqiza iyunithi yokushisa engu-1 nge-1 kWh ngayinye kagesi osetshenziswayo. Ngokuphambene, iphampu yokushisa ene-COP engu-5.0 ikhiqiza amayunithi okushisa angu-5 ku-1 kWh ngayinye kagesi osetshenzisiwe, okuyenza isebenze kahle kakhulu kunokushisisa okujwayelekile kukagesi.
Izindleko Zokonga Ugesi Ukubalwa
Uma sicabanga isidingo sokukhiqiza amayunithi ayi-100 okushisa:
- I-Traditional Electric Heating: Idinga ugesi ongu-100 kWh.
- Iphampu Yokushisa ene-COP engu-5.0: Idinga kuphela u-20 kWh kagesi (amayunithi ayi-100 okushisa ÷ 5.0).
Uma intengo kagesi ingu-0.5€ kWh ngayinye:
- I-Traditional Electric Heating: Izindleko zikagesi ngu-50€ (100 kWh × 0.5€/kWh).
- Iphampu Yokushisa ene-COP engu-5.0: Izindleko zikagesi ngu-10€ (20 kWh × 0.5€/kWh).
Isilinganiso Savings
Iphampu yokushisa ingonga u-80% ezikweletini zikagesi uma kuqhathaniswa nokushisisa okujwayelekile kukagesi ((50 - 10) ÷ 50 = 80%).
Isibonelo Esisebenzayo
Ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo, okufana nokunikezwa kwamanzi ashisayo asekhaya, cabanga ukuthi amalitha angu-200 amanzi adinga ukushisisa ukusuka ku-15°C ukuya ku-55°C nsuku zonke:
- I-Traditional Electric Heating: Isebenzisa cishe u-38.77 kWh kagesi (kucatshangwa ukuthi inamandla okushisa angama-90%).
- Iphampu Yokushisa ene-COP engu-5.0: Isebenzisa cishe u-7.75 kWh kagesi (38.77 kWh ÷ 5.0).
Ngenani likagesi elingu-0.5€ kWh ngayinye:
- I-Traditional Electric Heating: Izindleko zikagesi zansuku zonke zilinganiselwa ku-19.39€ (38.77 kWh × 0.5€/kWh).
- Iphampu Yokushisa ene-COP engu-5.0: Izindleko zikagesi zansuku zonke zingaba ngu-3.88€ (7.75 kWh × 0.5€/kWh).
Ukonga Okulinganiselwe Kwemindeni Emaphakathi: Amaphampu Okushisa vs. Ukushisisa Kwegesi Yemvelo
Ngokusekelwe ezilinganisweni zomkhakha wonke kanye namathrendi entengo yamandla aseYurophu:
| Into | Ukushisisa Kwegesi Yemvelo | Ukushisa Iphampu Ukushisa | Umehluko Wonyaka Olinganiselwe |
| Isilinganiso Sezindleko Zonyaka Zonyaka | €1,200–€1,500 | €600–900 | Ukonga cishe. €300–900 |
| I-CO₂ Emissions (amathani/ngonyaka) | 3-5 amathani | 1-2 amathani | Ukuncishiswa kwe-approx. 2-3 amathani |
Qaphela:Ukonga kwangempela kuyahlukahluka kuye ngezintengo zikagesi negesi kazwelonke, ikhwalithi yokuvala izakhiwo, nokusebenza kahle kwephampu yokushisa. Amazwe afana neJalimane, i-France, ne-Italy avamise ukukhombisa ukonga okukhulu, ikakhulukazi uma uxhaso lukahulumeni lutholakala.
Hien R290 EocForce Serie 6-16kW Heat Pump: Monobloc Air to Water Heat Pump
Izici Eziyinhloko:
Ukusebenza Kokukodwa-kukodwa: ukushisisa, ukupholisa, nemisebenzi yamanzi ashisayo asekhaya
Izinketho Ze-Flexible Voltage: 220–240 V noma 380–420 V
Idizayini Ehlangene:6–16 kW amayunithi ahlangene
I-Eco-Friendly Refrigerant:Isiqandisi esiluhlaza R290
Ukusebenza Kwe-Whisper-Quiet:40.5 dB(A) ku-1 m
Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla:SCOP Kufike ku-5.19
Ukusebenza Kwezinga Lokushisa Kakhulu: Ukusebenza okuzinzile kokuthi -20 °C
Ukusebenza Kwamandla Okuphakeme: A+++
Smart Control futhi PV-ngomumo
Umsebenzi we-Anti-legionella: I-Max Outlet Water Temp.75ºC
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-10-2025