Emkhakheni wobuchwepheshe bokushisa nokupholisa, amaphampu okushisa avele njengesixazululo esisebenza kahle kakhulu nesinobungani nemvelo. Asetshenziswa kabanzi ezindaweni zokuhlala, zezentengiselwano, kanye nezezimboni ukuze ahlinzeke ngemisebenzi yokushisa nokupholisa. Ukuze uqonde ngempela inani kanye nokusebenza kwamaphampu okushisa, kubalulekile ukucwaninga ngezimiso zawo zokusebenza kanye nomqondo we-Coefficient of Performance (COP).
Izimiso Zokusebenza Zamaphampu Okushisa
Umqondo Oyisisekelo
Iphampu yokushisa empeleni iyithuluzi elidlulisela ukushisa kusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye. Ngokungafani nezinhlelo zokushisa zendabuko ezikhiqiza ukushisa ngokushisa noma ukumelana nogesi, amaphampu okushisa ahambisa ukushisa okukhona kusuka endaweni epholile kuya endaweni efudumele. Le nqubo ifana nendlela isiqandisi esisebenza ngayo, kodwa ngokuphambene nalokho. Isiqandisi sikhipha ukushisa ngaphakathi kwaso bese sikudedela endaweni ezungezile, kuyilapho iphampu yokushisa ikhipha ukushisa kusuka endaweni engaphandle bese ikudedela ngaphakathi.
Umjikelezo Wokuqandisa
Ukusebenza kwephampu yokushisa kusekelwe emjikelezweni wokuqandisa, ohilela izingxenye ezine eziyinhloko: i-evaporator, i-compressor, i-condenser, kanye ne-expansion valve. Nansi incazelo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yokuthi lezi zingxenye zisebenza kanjani ndawonye:
- Isihwamukisi: Inqubo iqala ngomshini wokufudumeza, otholakala endaweni epholile (isb., ngaphandle kwendlu). I-refrigerant, into enendawo yokubila ephansi, imunca ukushisa okuvela emoyeni noma emhlabathini ozungezile. Njengoba imunca ukushisa, i-refrigerant iyashintsha kusuka koketshezi iye kugesi. Lokhu kushintsha kwesigaba kubalulekile ngoba kuvumela i-refrigerant ukuthi ithwale ukushisa okukhulu.
- I-compressor: Isiqandisi segesi sibe sesithuthela ku-compressor. I-compressor yandisa ingcindezi kanye nokushisa kwesiqandisi ngokusicindezela. Lesi sinyathelo sibalulekile ngoba siphakamisa izinga lokushisa lesiqandisi libe sezingeni eliphakeme kunezinga lokushisa langaphakathi elifunwayo. Isiqandisi segesi esiphezulu, esinokushisa okuphezulu manje sesikulungele ukukhulula ukushisa kwaso.
- I-Condenser: Isinyathelo esilandelayo sihilela i-condenser, etholakala endaweni efudumele (isb., ngaphakathi endlini). Lapha, i-refrigerant eshisayo, enomfutho ophezulu idedela ukushisa kwayo emoyeni noma emanzini azungezile. Njengoba i-refrigerant idedela ukushisa, iyaphola bese ishintsha isuke ekubeni yigesi ibe uketshezi. Lokhu kushintsha kwesigaba kukhipha ukushisa okukhulu, okusetshenziselwa ukufudumeza isikhala sangaphakathi.
- I-Valve Yokunweba: Ekugcineni, i-refrigerant ewuketshezi idlula ku-valve yokwandisa, okunciphisa ingcindezi yayo kanye nokushisa. Lesi sinyathelo silungiselela i-refrigerant ukuthi imunce ukushisa futhi ku-evaporator, bese umjikelezo uphinda.
I-Coefficient of Performance (COP)
Incazelo
I-Coefficient of Performance (COP) iyisilinganiso sokusebenza kahle kwephampu yokushisa. Ichazwa njengesilinganiso senani lokushisa elilethwayo (noma elisusiwe) enanini lamandla kagesi asetshenzisiwe. Ngamagama alula, isitshela ukuthi iphampu yokushisa ingakhiqiza ukushisa okungakanani kuyo yonke iyunithi kagesi eyisebenzisayo.
Ngokwezibalo, i-COP ivezwa kanje:
I-COP=Amandla kagesi asetshenzisiwe (W)Ukushisa okulethwayo (Q)
Uma iphampu yokushisa ine-COP (Coefficient of Performance) engu-5.0, inganciphisa kakhulu izikweletu zikagesi uma kuqhathaniswa nokushisa kukagesi okuvamile. Nasi ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kanye nokubala:
Ukuqhathaniswa Kokusebenza Kahle Kwamandla
Ukushisa kagesi okuvamile kune-COP engu-1.0, okusho ukuthi kukhiqiza iyunithi eyodwa yokushisa kuyo yonke i-1 kWh kagesi osetshenzisiwe. Ngokuphambene nalokho, iphampu yokushisa ene-COP engu-5.0 ikhiqiza amayunithi ama-5 okushisa kuyo yonke i-1 kWh kagesi osetshenzisiwe, okwenza kube ngcono kakhulu kunokushisa kagesi okuvamile.
Ukubalwa Kwezindleko Zokonga Ugesi
Uma sicabanga ngesidingo sokukhiqiza amayunithi ayi-100 okushisa:
- Ukushisa Kagesi Kwendabuko: Idinga ugesi ongu-100 kWh.
- Iphampu Yokushisa ene-COP engu-5.0: Kudinga ugesi ongu-20 kWh kuphela (amayunithi ayi-100 okushisa ÷ 5.0).
Uma intengo kagesi ingu-0.5€ nge-kWh:
- Ukushisa Kagesi Kwendabuko: Izindleko zikagesi zingama-€50 (100 kWh × 0.5€/kWh).
- Iphampu Yokushisa ene-COP engu-5.0Izindleko zikagesi ziyi-10€ (20 kWh × 0.5€/kWh).
Isilinganiso Sokonga
Iphampu yokushisa ingonga u-80% ezindlekweni zikagesi uma kuqhathaniswa nokushisa kagesi okuvamile ((50 - 10) ÷ 50 = 80%).
Isibonelo Esiwusizo
Ezimweni ezisebenzayo, njengokunikezwa kwamanzi ashisayo ekhaya, ake sithi amalitha angu-200 amanzi adinga ukufudunyezwa kusukela ku-15°C kuya ku-55°C nsuku zonke:
- Ukushisa Kagesi Kwendabuko: Isebenzisa cishe ugesi ongu-38.77 kWh (uma kucatshangelwa ukusebenza kahle kokushisa okungu-90%).
- Iphampu Yokushisa ene-COP engu-5.0: Isebenzisa cishe ugesi ongu-7.75 kWh (38.77 kWh ÷ 5.0).
Ngentengo kagesi engu-0.5€ nge-kWh:
- Ukushisa Kagesi Kwendabuko: Izindleko zikagesi zansuku zonke zingaba ngu-19.39€ (38.77 kWh × 0.5€/kWh).
- Iphampu Yokushisa ene-COP engu-5.0: Izindleko zikagesi zansuku zonke zingaba ngu-3.88€ (7.75 kWh × 0.5€/kWh).
Izindleko Ezilinganiselwe Zokonga Emindenini Ephakathi: Amaphampu Okushisa vs. Ukushisa Ngegesi Yemvelo
Ngokusekelwe ezilinganisweni zomkhakha wonke kanye nezitayela zamanani kagesi aseYurophu:
| Into | Ukushisa Ngegesi Yemvelo | Iphampu Yokushisa Ukushisa | Umehluko Wonyaka Olinganiselwe |
| Izindleko Zamandla Zonyaka Ezimaphakathi | €1,200–€1,500 | €600–€900 | Izaphulelo ezilinganiselwa ku-€300–€900 |
| Ukukhishwa kwe-CO₂ (amathani ngonyaka) | Amathani angu-3–5 | Amathani angu-1–2 | Ukunciphisa cishe amathani angu-2–3 |
Qaphela:Ukonga kwangempela kuyahlukahluka kuye ngamanani kagesi negesi kazwelonke, ikhwalithi yokuvikela izakhiwo, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwepompo yokushisa. Amazwe afana neJalimane, iFrance, ne-Italy avame ukubonisa ukonga okukhulu, ikakhulukazi lapho kukhona uxhaso lukahulumeni.
Iphampu Yokushisa ye-Hien R290 EocForce Series 6-16kW: Iphampu Yokushisa Yomoya Eya Emanzini i-Monobloc
Izici Eziyinhloko:
Ukusebenza Konke-ku-One: imisebenzi yokushisa, ukupholisa, kanye namanzi ashisayo asekhaya
Izinketho ze-Voltage eziguquguqukayo: 220–240 V noma 380–420 V
Umklamo Ohlanganisiwe: amayunithi amancane angu-6–16 kW
Isiqandisi Esinobungani Nemvelo: Isiqandisi Esiluhlaza R290
Ukusebenza Okuthule Kokuhleba: 40.5 dB(A) ku-1 m
Ukusebenza Kahle Kwamandla: I-SCOP Kufika ku-5.19
Ukusebenza Kokushisa Okukhulu: Ukusebenza okuzinzile ku--20 °C
Ukusebenza Kahle Kakhulu Kwamandla: A+++
Ukulawula Okuhlakaniphile kanye nokulungele i-PV
Umsebenzi we-Anti-legionella: Ukushisa Okuphezulu Kwamanzi Okuphumayo.75ºC
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-10-2025