Ukuze kufezwe imigomo yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ye-EU futhi kufinyelelwe ukungathathi hlangothi kwesimo sezulu ngo-2050, amazwe amaningana angamalungu aqalise izinqubomgomo kanye nezikhuthazo zentela ukukhuthaza ubuchwepheshe bamandla ahlanzekile. Amaphampu okushisa, njengesixazululo esiphelele, angaqinisekisa induduzo yangaphakathi ngenkathi eqhuba inqubo yokususa i-carbonization ngokuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo. Naphezu kwenani lawo elibalulekile lecebo, izindleko zokuthenga nokufaka eziphakeme zihlala ziyisithiyo kubathengi abaningi. Ukuze kukhuthazwe abantu ukuthi bakhethe lezi zinhlelo kunezibiyeli zendabuko zikaphethiloli, zombili izinqubomgomo zezinga laseYurophu kanye nezikhuthazo zenqubomgomo kazwelonke kanye nentela zingadlala indima ebalulekile.
Sekukonke, iYurophu inyuse imizamo yayo yokukhuthaza ubuchwepheshe obuzinzile emkhakheni wokushisa nokupholisa, inciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli wezinsalela ngokusebenzisa izikhuthazo zentela kanye nezinqubomgomo. Isinyathelo esibalulekile yi-Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD), eyaziwa nangokuthi isiqondiso "sezindlu eziluhlaza", esizoqala ngoJanuwari 1, 2025, esizovimbela uxhaso lwama-boiler kaphethiloli wezinsalela, esikhundleni salokho sigxile ekufakweni kwamaphampu okushisa asebenza kahle kanye nezinhlelo ze-hybrid.
I-Italy
I-Italy ikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwamaphampu okushisa ngochungechunge lwezinhlelo zokukhuthaza intela kanye nokusekela, iqinisa kakhulu izinqubomgomo zayo zezimali zokusebenzisa kahle amandla kanye nokususa i-carbonization emkhakheni wezindlu kusukela ngo-2020. Ngokusho kohlaka lwesabelomali sika-2024, izinzuzo zentela zokusebenzisa kahle amandla zika-2025 zimi kanje:
I-Ecobonus: Yandiswa iminyaka emithathu kodwa ngesilinganiso sokunciphisa esinciphayo (50% ngo-2025, 36% ngo-2026-2027), kanti inani eliphezulu lokunciphisa liyahlukahluka kuye ngesimo esithile.
Ibhonasi Enkulu: Igcina izinga lokuncishiswa elingu-65% (ekuqaleni elingu-110%), elisebenza kuphela ezimweni ezithile ezifana nezakhiwo zamafulethi, lihlanganisa izindleko zokushintsha izinhlelo zokushisa ezindala ngamaphampu okushisa asebenzayo.
I-Conto Termico 3.0: Ihlose ukulungiswa kabusha kwezakhiwo ezikhona, ikhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokufudumeza zamandla avuselelekayo kanye nemishini yokufudumeza esebenza kahle.
- Ezinye izibonelelo, njenge-"Bonus Casa," nazo zihlanganisa izinhlelo zokuphehla amandla avuselelekayo njenge-photovoltaics.
IJalimane
Ngemva kwerekhodi ngo-2023, ukuthengiswa kwephampu yokushisa yaseJalimane kwehle ngo-46% ngo-2024, kodwa kwaba nokwanda kwezidingo zezimali, njengoba izicelo ezingaphezu kuka-151,000 zamukelwe. Izinhlangano zezimboni zilindele ukuthi imakethe izolulama futhi zihlela ukuqala ukusatshalaliswa kwezibonelelo ngo-2025.
Uhlelo lwe-BEG: Kubandakanya iphrojekthi yokushintshana kokushisa ye-KfW, "izosebenza ngokuqhubekayo" kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2025, isekele ukufakwa kabusha kwezakhiwo ezikhona zibe izinhlelo zokushisa zamandla avuselelekayo, ngamanani oxhaso afinyelela ku-70%.
Izibonelelo Zokusebenzisa Amandla Ngendlela Efanele: Zimboza amaphampu okushisa kusetshenziswa iziqandisi zemvelo noma amandla okushisa komhlaba; izibonelelo zokusheshisa isimo sezulu ziqondisa kubanikazi bezindlu abashintsha izinhlelo zikaphethiloli wezinto zasendulo; izibonelelo ezihlobene nemali engenayo zisebenza emindenini enenzuzo yonyaka engaphansi kwama-euro angu-40,000.
- Ezinye izikhuthazo zihlanganisa uxhaso lokuthuthukisa isistimu yokushisisa (BAFA-Heizungsoptimierung), imali mboleko ejulile ye-retrofit (KfW-Sanierungskredit), kanye noxhaso lwezakhiwo ezintsha eziluhlaza (KFN).
ISpain
ISpain isheshisa ukukhuthazwa kobuchwepheshe obuhlanzekile ngezinyathelo ezintathu:
Ukuncishiswa Kwentela Yengeniso Yomuntu Siqu: Kusukela ngo-Okthoba 2021 kuya kuDisemba 2025, kutholakala ukuncishiswa kokutshalwa kwezimali okungu-20%-60% (kufika kuma-euro angu-5,000 ngonyaka, kanye nomkhawulo ophelele wama-euro angu-15,000) ekufakweni kwephampu yokushisa, okudinga izitifiketi ezimbili zokusebenzisa kahle amandla.
Uhlelo Lokuvuselela Amadolobha: Luxhaswe yi-NextGenerationEU, luhlinzeka ngezibonelelo zezindleko zokufaka ezifika ku-40% (ngomkhawulo wama-euro angu-3,000, futhi abantu abahola kancane bangathola uxhaso lwe-100%).
Izikhuthazo Zentela Yezakhiwo: Kutholakala ukuncishiswa kotshalomali okungu-60% (kufika kuma-euro angu-9,000) kuzo zonke izakhiwo, kanye no-40% (kufika kuma-euro angu-3,000) ezindlini zomndeni owodwa.
Izibonelelo Zesifunda: Imali eyengeziwe inganikezwa yimiphakathi ezimele.
IGrisi
Uhlelo lwe-"EXOIKonOMO 2025" lunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngokusebenzisa ukulungiswa kwezakhiwo okuphelele, lapho imindeni engenayo ephansi ithola uxhaso oluyi-75%-85%, kanye namanye amaqembu angama-40%-60%, kanti isabelomali esiphezulu sikhuphukele kuma-euro angama-35,000, sihlanganisa ukufudumala, ukushintshwa kwamafasitela neminyango, kanye nokufakwa kwamaphampu okushisa.
IFrance
Isibonelelo Somuntu Siqu (Ma Prime Renov): Isibonelelo siyatholakala ekufakweni kwephampu yokushisa ezimele ngaphambi kuka-2025, kodwa kusukela ngo-2026, kudingeka okungenani ukuthuthukiswa kokufudumeza okubili okwengeziwe. Inani lesibonelelo lincike emalini engenayo, usayizi womndeni, isifunda, kanye nemiphumela yokonga amandla.
Isibonelelo Sokukhulisa Ukushisa (I-Coup de pouce chauffage): Isibonelelo siyatholakala ukuze kufakwe esikhundleni sezinhlelo zikaphethiloli wezinto zasendulo, ngenani elihlobene nempahla yasekhaya, usayizi, kanye nendawo.
Okunye Ukusekelwa: Izibonelelo zikahulumeni basekhaya, izinga le-VAT elincishisiwe ngo-5.5% lama-heat pumps ane-COP okungenani engu-3.4, kanye nemali mboleko engenanzalo efinyelela kuma-euro angu-50,000.
Amazwe aseNordic
ISweden ihola iYurophu ngokufakwa kwamaphampu okushisa ayizigidi ezingu-2.1, iqhubeka nokusekela ukuthuthukiswa kwamaphampu okushisa ngokusebenzisa ukuncishiswa kwentela kwe-"Rotavdrag" kanye nohlelo lwe-"Grön Teknik".
i-United Kingdom
Uhlelo Lokuthuthukisa Ibhoyila (IBHASI): Isabelomali esengeziwe samaphawundi ayizigidi ezingama-25 (isabelomali esiphelele sika-2024-2025 singamaphawundi ayizigidi ezingama-205) sabelwe, okuhlinzeka: uxhaso lwamaphawundi angu-7,500 lwamaphampu okushisa omoya/amanzi/omthombo womhlabathi (ekuqaleni amaphawundi angu-5,000), kanye noxhaso lwamaphawundi angu-5,000 lwamabhoyila e-biomass.
- Izinhlelo ze-hybrid azifaneleki ukuthola uxhaso kodwa zingahlanganiswa noxhaso lwelanga.
- Ezinye izikhuthazo zifaka phakathi uxhaso lwe-"Eco4", i-zero VAT kumandla ahlanzekile (kuze kube nguMashi 2027), imali mboleko engenanzalo eScotland, kanye ne-"Nest Scheme" yaseWales.
Intela kanye nezindleko zokusebenza
Umehluko we-VAT: Amazwe ayisithupha kuphela, okuhlanganisa iBelgium neFrance, anamazinga aphansi e-VAT kumaphampu okushisa kunama-gas boilers, okulindeleke ukuthi akhuphuke aye emazweni ayisishiyagalolunye (okuhlanganisa ne-UK) ngemva kukaNovemba 2024.
Ukuncintisana Kwezindleko Zokusebenza: Amazwe ayisikhombisa kuphela anentengo kagesi engaphansi kwephindwe kabili kunentengo yegesi, kanti iLatvia neSpain zinezinga eliphansi le-VAT yegesi. Idatha evela ngo-2024 ikhombisa ukuthi amazwe amahlanu kuphela anentengo kagesi engaphansi kwephindwe kabili kuneyegesi, okugqamisa isidingo sesinyathelo esengeziwe sokunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza kwamaphampu okushisa.
Izinqubomgomo zezimali kanye nezinyathelo zokukhuthaza ezisetshenziswa amazwe angamalungu e-EU zikhuthaza abantu ukuthi bathenge amaphampu okushisa, okuyisici esibalulekile ekushintsheni kwamandla eYurophu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-19-2025